At the 29th Session of the World Heritage Committee hosted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), on 15th July 2005, The Historic Centre of Macau was successfully inscribed as a World Heritage Site, making it the 31st site in China to be granted this status.
The Historic Centre of Macau is an urban area within the old city of Macau spanning eight squares - Barra Square, Lilau Square, St. Augustine's Square, Senado Square, Cathedral Square, St. Dominic's Square, Company of Jesus Square and Comões Square - and 22 historic buildings - A-Ma Temple, the Moorish Barracks, Mandarin's House, St. Lawrence's Church, St. Joseph's Seminary and Church, Dom Pedro V Theatre, Sir Robert Ho Tung Library, St. Augustine's Church, the 'Leal Senado' Building, Sam Kai Vui Kun Temple, the Holy House of Mercy, the Cathedral, Lou Kau mansion, St. Dominic's Church, the Ruins of St. Paul's, Na Tcha Temple, a section of the Old City Walls, Mount Fortress, St. Anthony's Church, Casa Garden, the Protestant Cemetery, and Guia Fortress (including Guia Chapel and Lighthouse). This list includes the archaeological remains of the first western-style university in the Far East, the College of St. Paul, buildings that are still functioning according to their original purpose such as the first western-style theatre and the first modern lighthouse in China, and examples of late Qing merchants' homes.
The Historic Centre of Macau is the product of cultural exchange between East and West spanning over 400 years, and is currently the oldest, the most complete and consolidated array of European architectural legacy standing intact on Chinese territory today.
In July 2005, "The Historic Centre of Macau" was inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List, recognizing the architectural legacies interwoven in the midst of the original urban fabric of Macau, a witness to successful East-West cultural co-existence. A-Ma Temple is reputedly the place in Macau where the Portuguese first landed, and is the starting point of this historical exploration.
Picture yourself outside A-Ma Temple standing on the Portuguese-style cobbled road. The Temple consists of prayer halls, pavilions and courtyards built into the boulder-strewn hill connected by winding paths through moon gates and tiny gardens. At the entrance is a large rock on which a traditional sailing junk was etched over 400 years ago. On other boulders you can see red carved characters invoking the blessings of the gods. Chinese legend says that touching the top of the moon gate up the hill will bring good luck in love.
Opposite the temple lies the Maritime Museum, featuring many aspects of Portuguese and Chinese maritime history covering the period from the Fifteenth to the Seventeenth Century. Several famous Portuguese restaurants are located nearby.
Moorish Barracks
A visit to Macau World Heritage sites will typically include churches, temples, gardens and squares, and offers a real insight into old Macau. Chinese and Portuguese architecture abounds - but have you seen a Moorish building in Macau?
In 1874, the Portuguese built a Moorish Barracks on the slopes of Barra Hill, opposite a demolished barrier, garrisoned by Indian soldiers. The two-storey brick and stone neo-classical structure with exotic Moorish influences now serves as the headquarters of the Macau Maritime Administration.
The Barracks are not open to the public but visitors can tour the verandah where the square and pointed ornaments on the parapet walls resemble mosaics and exude an impressively beautiful and subtle rhythm. The Moorish Barracks used to provide typhoon signals for fishermen many year ago.
To know more about the traditions and way of life of the fishermen in ancient Macau and southern China, it is well worth visiting the nearby Maritime Museum, which displays several types of ship from Portugal and China, plus instruments, and a typical fisherman's dwelling, where the whole family can be seen sharing the work tasks.
Telephone enquiries: (853) 8399 6699
Lilau Square
Fountain of Luso
In the distant past, well water was used for cooking and drinking. It can also be found in Lilau Square and inside the Tap Seac Gallery but both are under preservation orders for their historic and cultural significance.
Lilau Square, inhabited by most Portuguese residents in earlier ages, retains traditional Portuguese construction and art deco design. The popular Portuguese phrase "One who drinks from Lilau never forgets Macau" expresses the locals' nostalgic attachment to this interesting Square.
Lilau Square is part of the "Historic Centre of Macau". The square supports two banyan trees over a hundred years old as well as Portuguese residential quarters with a typically Mediterranean atmosphere retaining later art deco influences contrasting strongly with the nearby traditional Chinese architecture of the Mandarin House.
Ten minutes' walk from A-Ma Temple finds the Lilau Square, Mandarin House, a traditional Chinese residential compound home of prominent Chinese literary figure Zheng Guanying built in 1881, and St. Lawrence's Church, built by the Jesuits in the mid-16th Century.
Mandarin's House
Inscribed upon the World Heritage List, the Historic Centre of Macau comprises churches, temples, squares, gardens and buildings, of which the Mandarin's House and Lou Kau Mansion are the only traditional Chinese residential buildings.
Situated on Travessa de António da Silva, the Mandarin's House is a traditional 4,000 square metre Chinese-style compound made up of several courtyard houses featuring a mix of Chinese and Western detailing. The Mandarin's House was the residence of prominent Chinese literary figure Zheng Guanying who promoted major historic changes in China by writing a book here, which can be borrowed from the Sir Robert Ho Tung Library - the first to provide a garden for the leisurely enjoyment of readers.
In addition to its historic value, the Mandarin's House is a fine example of Qing Dynasty architecture, and although currently under renovation will be opened to the general public in the near future.
Lilau Square, St. Lawrence's Church, the Moorish Barracks and A-Ma Temple can be found nearby, illustrating Macau's multicultural background in a mix of striking architectural features.
Address: Trav. de António da Silva, No. 10
Telephone enquiries: (853) 8399 6699
St. Lawrence's Church
St. Lawrence's Church is also known as Feng Shun Tang or the Hall of the Soothing Winds. In 258 AD, St. Lawrence was sentenced to death by a Roman governor for helping the poor people with communion funding. To commemorate his works, a statue of the saint, with bible and rod in hand, stands solemnly in the church.
St. Lawrence's Church overlooks the southern coast of Macau, and is the place where the families of Portuguese sailors used to gather to pray and await the safe return of their loved ones. Nearby lies the A-Ma Temple, an edifice dedicated to the seafarers goddess from the early 16th Century.
The church is an imposing structure, standing in a garden filled with palm trees and can be approached from the rear or by way of a grand staircase and ornamental gate, to lend a dignified appearance.
A short stroll takes the visitor to Nam Van and Sai Van Lakes, where lovers and friends congregate for Indian, Italian and French cuisine - plus spectacular shows of cascading water and light from the Nam Van Lake Cybernetic Fountain.
Opening Hours: 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. (Mondays to Fridays) / 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. (Saturdays) / Closed on Sundays & Public Holidays
Address: Rua de São Lourenço
Telephone enquiries: (853) 8399 6699
St. Joseph's Seminary and Church
Established in 1728 and built in 1758, the old Seminary, together with St. Paul's College, was the principal base for the missionary work undertaken in China, Japan and elsewhere in the region. This church, together with the Ruins of St. Paul's, is the only example of baroque architecture in China.
Inside the church, in one of the lateral altars, lies a fragment of bone from the arm of St. Francis Xavier, one of Macau's most precious religious relics and a revered item that formerly resided in the collection of the Church of Mater Dei (Ruins of St. Paul's).
Church Opening Hours: 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (entrance from the side of Rua do Seminário)
St. Joseph's Seminary not open to public
Address: Rua do Seminário
Telephone enquiries: (853) 8399 6699
Dom Pedro V Theatre
First Western Theatre in China
Dom Pedro V Theatre was built in 1860 and was the first venue in Asia to stage Puccini's iconic "Madame Butterfly". The theatre - built to commemorate King Dom Pedro V of Portugal - features a ballroom, library and snooker room for the entertainment of the glitterati. A public restaurant is attached. The theatre has a large entrance hall with elegant chandelier and sweeping red velvet curtains.
Nearby, you will find the cobble-stoned St. Augustine's Square, a traditional Portuguese-style streetscape surrounded by the World Heritage sites of St. Joseph's Seminary and Church, St. Augustine's Church and the Sir Robert Ho Tung Library.
Telephone enquiries: (853) 8399 6699
Sir Robert Ho Tung Library
The Only Garden Library ?
Sir Robert Ho Tung Library, now a subunit of the Macau Central Library was established about 1894. In 1918, Hong Kong businessman Sir Robert Ho Tung bought the building and converted it into a splendid mansion. He died in 1955, bequeathing the building to the Macau Government as a public library. Three years later, Sir Robert Ho Tung Library was officially opened to the public.
The library has a European appeal, and is set amid peaceful gardens. After extensive renovation, a newly-equipped 4-storey building was built beside the old structure to capture the maximum amount of natural light, from which readers can view the buildings of Macau’s Historic Centre nearby. The old building contains many ancient books published in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and an exhibition gallery. The two buildings occupy a gross area of over 30,000 square feet and can seat some 400 people, making it the largest library in Macau.
The library allows readers to eat and talk in special areas; readers can also listen to music and watch movies in the AV room.
In celebration of the 140th Anniversary of the birth of Sun Yat-sen, Sir Robert Ho Tung Library is hosting an Exhibition of Publications about Dr. Sun Yatsen, featuring valuable publications and bibliographies of the Father of China.
Opening Hours: Monday to Saturday - 10:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., Sunday - 11:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
Address: Dom Pedro V Theatre Square, No. 3
Telephone enquiries: (853) 2837 7117 http://www.library.gov.mo
St. Augustine's
Macau's First Church for English Mass
In the 16th Century, churches started to be built in Macau for Christians. On Calçada de Santo Agostinho stands St. Augustine's Church, a simple, neoclassical church of the period; in fact, clergymen had to cover the open roof whenever it rained.
As Portugal's first settlement on the China coast in 1557, Macau was expected to be a bastion of the Christian religion as well as a trading post and was honoured as the "City of the Name of God, Macau". Priests residing in Macau came from Europe and held mass in the Portuguese and English languages. In fact, St. Augustine's Church was the first church to hold mass in English. Gradually, the Cantonese dialect was introduced for the citizens of Macau.
In the environs of St. Augustine's Church, you can discover the cobblestoned square of the church set in a traditional Portuguese-style streetscape surrounded by the World Heritage sites of St. Joseph's Seminary and the Sir Robert Ho Tung Library. Walk just down the hill, however, and you will find yourself in Avenida de Almeida Ribeiro, one of the busiest streets in the territory.
Opening Hours: 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
Address: No. 2, St. Augustine's Square
Telephone enquiries: (853) 2851 0331
'Leal Senado' Building
Key to Macau's History
The "Leal Senado" Building - regarded as the most outstanding example of Portuguese architecture in the territory - is located in the heart of Macau, just opposite the UNESCO World Heritage - listed Senado Square, and serves as a municipal chamber today.
A gallery occupies the ground floor and has hosted numerous exhibitions since opening in 1985, including the major Collective Exhibition of Macau Artists every December. The first floor public library has amassed a valuable literary collection spanning the 17th Century to the 1950s, including the "A Abelha da China" newspaper, which, established in 1822, was the first Macau paper and the first foreign language paper to appear in China.
The Leal Senado Building offers two 45-minute guided tours on Saturdays and Sundays from 3:00pm to 4:35pm that expound upon the architecture and history of this important and historic building.
Squares and piazzas all around the world cater to the "Café Society", where visitors and locals can sit at a table and watch the world go by over a cup of coffee, and in Macau there is no shortage of squares, which these days are usually paved in elegant wavy patterns featuring marine creatures, inspired by the tones and materials of Portugal. These attractively paved meeting places can be found in Senado Square, Barra Square, Lilau Square, St. Augustine's Square, St. Dominic's Square, Cathedral Square, Camões Square and the Company of Jesus Square.
One of the most famous venues in Macau, the classically constructed Senado Square should not be missed. Its famous fountain has been renovated several times, and currently a celestial globe as used by pioneering Portuguese seamen can be seen in the middle of the fountain, a captivating sight under lighting at night. The Square is a popular place for holding all sorts of cultural events, especially at this time of year.
Senado Square also boasts a rich architectural tradition - St. Dominic's Church, the Holy House of Mercy, Leal Senado Building and Sam Kai Vui Kun Temple reflect the correlation of modernity and cultural exchange of East and West.
Telephone enquiries: (853) 8399 6699
Sam Kai Vui Kun Temple
The Feast of the Drunken Dragon is held on the eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar, and attracts many visitors - especially photographers - to Sam Kai Vui Kun to watch the drunken dragon dance. The Feast of Kuan Tai is held on the thirteenth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, on which occasion performances of Chinese opera are held in a specially constructed bamboo shed outside the temple of Sam Kai Vui Kun.
Sam Kai Vui Kun is also known as Kuan Tai Temple and has been located on the site of the old bazaar near Senado Square and Rua dos Mercadores for over two centuries. Originally, it was a meeting place for merchants, and the surrounding area - Rua dos Mercadores, Rua dos Ervanários and Rua das Estalagens - served as the centre of Chinese trading in the city. In later years, a statue commemorating Kuan Tai was placed at Sam Kai Vui Kun, attracting many devotees. Commercial activities no longer converge in the area, and the serenity of the temple has gradually returned.
Telephone enquiries: (853) 8399 6699
Holy House of Mercy
First Charity Association of Macau
Macau is famous for its Grand Prix, Wine, Communications and Tea museums, as well as many others, but it often surprises visitors to learn that Macau also has a museum of charity. The Holy House of Mercy exhibits historical pieces and objects of religious art that pinpoint the meeting of different cultures. Located in a quiet lane just off Senado Square in the centre of the city, the House is often overlooked and mistaken for a government office.
The neo-classical Holy House of Mercy (Santa Casa de Misericordia) was the first charity association to be established in Macau, and houses the needy elderly in Our Lady of Mercy Home for the Aged free of charge. Macau's first lottery tickets were also launched by the Holy House of Mercy for charity purposes (you can see original tickets at "A Retrospect in Raffle - Exhibition of Rare and Old Lottery Tickets" in the Taipa Houses Museum until October).
On the second floor of the Holy House of Mercy, you can find the skull, cross and full-length oil painting of Dorn Belchior Carneiro, the founder of the institution, plus a bronze bell from the old St. Raphael Hospital, which was founded by Carneiro in the 16th Century. Various artifacts are on display in the small museum. At the end of the adjoining Alley of Mercy stands a bronze statue of Dorn Belchior Carneiro.
Museum of the Holy House of Mercy
Opening Hours: 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.; 2:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. (Closed on Sundays & public holidays)
Address: Travessa da Misericordia, No 2
Admission: MOP$5
Telephone enquiries: (853) 2857 3938, 8399 6699
Cathedral
The word "Cathedral" comes from the ancient Greek "Kathedra" or "Seat" in English. In the early years of the church, only the 12 disciples and their descendents could minister the communion by passing the "Seat" from one minister to another.
Situated near Rua de S. Domingos, the Cathedral is located on the top of the nearby paved hill. Here, Midnight Mass is held at Christmas and the Procession of the Passion of Our Lord is enacted every year. Next to the Cathedral stands the timelessly beautiful Bishop's Palace. Although the Cathedral is not the biggest church in Macau, it is certainly one of the grandest.
In 1575, the Catholic church was established in Macau - named the City of the Name of God - and promptly became the centre of Catholicism in Asia. In 1576, the Cathedral was built and many important relics of the 16th & 17th Century are stored here.
The Cathedral square has recently been refurbished, and an imposing fountain added, providing a convenient spot for residents and visitors to relax in comfort. Less than 2 minutes walk from the Cathedral lie the major thoroughfares of Rua de S. Domingos, Avenida de Almeida Ribeiro and Avenida de Praia Grande.
Lou Kau Mansion
Lou Kau Mansion was built in 1889 as a two-storey traditional gray-brick courtyard house with the architectural characteristics of a typical "Xiguan" or Chinese residential building. The mansion was the home of Lou Va Shio, a prominent Chinese merchant who owned several imposing properties in the city.
Lou Kau Mansion - listed in the Historic Centre of Macau - is located at 7, Travessa da Sé in the centre of the old Christian City and combines the characteristics of Eastern and Western architectural design like gray-brick walls, windows and fences of Chinese design and Western ceiling.
Macau Orchestra has held several mini concerts in the mansion, featuring in particular Cantonese music.
Lou Kau Mansion Opening Hours:
9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. (Saturdays, Sundays & Public Holidays)
Free Admission & Guided Tour
Organizer: Cultural Affairs Bureau
Telephone enquiries: (853) 8399 6699 http://www.icm.gov.mo
St. Dominic's Church
Concerts at St. Dominic's Church
St. Dominic's Church is one of the intriguing performance venues for the yearly held Macau International Music Festival (MIMF) . Despite its dramatic past, St. Dominic's Church now serves as a serene, inviting setting for performances attended over the years by almost half a million music lovers.
St. Dominic's Church has an imposing façade of cream-coloured stone with white stucco mouldings and green-shuttered windows. Inside, white pillars support a flat ceiling and apron balconies hug the walls. The bell tower, at the back of the building, has been converted into a small museum housing a “Treasure of Sacred Art” exhibiting a collection of some 300 artifacts.
Ruins of St. Paul's
Only a magnificent stone façade and grand staircase remain of the iconic Church of St. Paul's. The church was built in 1602 next to the Jesuit College of St. Paul's, the first Western college in Asia where missionaries studied Chinese before serving at the Ming Court in Beijing as astronomers and mathematicians.
In 1835, a fire razed both the college and the church, leaving only the dramatic façade standing in four colonnaded tiers, complete with carvings and statues. The unique architecture of St Paul's Church recalls the style of the European Renaissance and Asian architecture in an intoxicating mix of Chinese and Western elements.
Today, many music performances are held at the Ruins of St. Paul's, which, with its stairs and dramatic setting, lends itself as a natural stage. Within the precincts of Ruins of St. Paul's lies the Museum of Sacred Art and Crypt. The Museum exhibits religious paintings, statues and sacred objects from Churches in Macau while in the crypt adjacent to the Museum the visitor can observe the relics of martyrs from Japan and Vietnam.
Museum of Sacred Art and Crypt
Opening Hours: 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. daily
Admission free
Na Tcha Temple
Integrated Cultures
A combination of Portuguese and Chinese nuances marks the uniqueness of the Macanese. Two temples are dedicated to Na Tcha, one of which is located near the Ruins of St. Paul's.
Na Tcha Temple and the Ruins of St. Paul's are both part of the Historic Centre of Macau but reflect profoundly different cultures, a uniqueness that can also be found in the territory's food, religion and other cultural mores.
Na Tcha Temple is a small, simple, peaceful place founded over 400 years ago; it remains of strong historic value and is inseparable from the daily life of Macau's citizens.
Na Tcha Temple and the Ruins of St. Paul's stand close enough for a great picture, astonishing proof of integrated cultures.
Telephone enquiries: (853) 8399 6699
Section of the Old City Walls
A "Section of the old city walls" comprises part of the Historic Centre of Macau - inscribed on the World Heritage list - and was constructed at its oldest point in 1569. During that turbulent period, the Chinese government opposed the construction of city walls and they were broken down a number of times, although the incumbent Portuguese administration continued its construction until 1632 when the city walls and fortresses in the north of the city were reconstructed. A map from that period reveals that other than the Inner Harbour in the west Macau was totally ringed by walls and fortifications. Today, the remaining wall measures just 18.5m long, 5.6m high and roughly 1m wide.
This wall, located near Na Tcha Temple and the Ruins of St. Paul's, bears evidence of local artisanship and materials, especially the use of a solid compound named "chunambo", which was an elaborate mixture of clay, soil, sand, rice straw, crushed rocks and oyster shells compacted in successive layers.
The 17th Century Mount Fortress occupies a hilltop on the peninsula of Macau and is one of the most ancient Western fortresses in China.
Some 300 years ago, during the height of the Ming Dynasty and before the Ruins of St. Paul's Roman Catholic Church was severely damaged by fire, the Mount Fortress solemnly guarded the city. In 1998, the three-level Macau Museum was built into the fortress hill and it is now considered a major tourist attraction.
In the foothills east of Monte Fort you will find the Fortress Corridor, occupying the middle ground between Macau Museum and St. Lazarus' pedestrian zone. The Monte Fort is sited near the city centre and is a popular venue for events such as this year's "20th Macau International Music Festival".
Macau Museum
Opening Hours: 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. (No admission after 5:30 p.m., closed on Mondays)
Admission: MOP$15 (Free on 15th of every month)
Fortress Corridor
Opening Hours: 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
Admission free
Convenient access from the rear of Kiang Wu Hospital and Caminho dos Artilheiros
Telephone enquiries: (853) 2835 7911 / 2833 5141
St. Anthony's Church is often referred to as Fa Vong Tong (Church of Flowers). In fact, St. Anthony was a "military" saint, a Captain in the Portuguese army and is revered as the Saint of Marriage by Catholics. Consequently, many wedding ceremonies are held in the church, which was constructed during the period of 1558 to 1560, and, with St. Lawrence's Church and the Cathedral, is one of the oldest churches in Macau.
In nearby Camões Garden many residents take exercise every day, and it is here that the statue of Luís de Camões reposes, honouring the most famous Portuguese poet to live in Macau. Beside the garden lies the old Protestant Cemetery, where some of Macau's most famous residents are buried including George Chinnery, whose wonderful China Coast paintings hang in the Museum of Art. Robert Morrison, the Christian preacher who first interpreted the Bible into Chinese, also lies buried here.
Telephone enquiries: (853) 2857 3732
Camões Square, Casa Garden & the Protestant Cemetery
Camões Garden at Camões Square is one of the largest and most secluded parks in Macau. Adjacent to the Casa Garden and the famous Protestant Cemetery, this serene area is frequented by Tai Chi groups, aerobics practitioners and avid people-watchers. Chinese of all ages jog, stretch and stroll through the park from dawn to dusk.
The renowned Portuguese poet Luís de Camões, for whom the park was named, lived in the vicinity and completed his national epic "Os Lusídas" in Macau. As a wealthy Portuguese kept many pigeons near the park, the local people call it White Pigeons' Nest. A small bronze statute of Camões can be found in the park grotto and at the far end of the garden is a fountain with a bronze sculpture entitled "Embrace" signifying the centuries' old friendship between Portugal and China.
Nearby, Casa Garden, a southern European style building built in 1770 was originally the residence of a wealthy Portuguese merchant and today serves as the headquarters of the Orient Foundation, a private cultural institution involved in local and regional community and cultural affairs. The Protestant Cemetery abutting the Casa Garden is the final resting place of many famous Westerners including Robert Morrison, who first translated the Bible into Chinese, and the accomplished Irish China-trade artist George Chinnery.
Opening Hours: Casa Garden: gallery - 9:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.(Closed on Saturdays, Sundays & public holidays); garden - 9:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. daily Protestant Cemetery: 9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. (Please be quiet while visiting) Camões Garden: 6:00 a.m. to 11:30 p.m. daily
Guia Fortress (including Guia Chapel and Lighthouse)
The Guia Fortress - together with the Guia Lighthouse and Guia Chapel - is one of the listed sites of the Historic Centre of Macau. The Lighthouse has stood on the peak of Guia Hill for over 140 years and is the first modern lighthouse on the Chinese coast and the oldest in the Far East. A lantern is installed on top of the circular observation platform, and the light transmitter is reached by a flight of spiral stairs inside. While access is not usually allowed to the tower, the Macau Port Authority will open it to the public on May 20 & 21. From this viewpoint, the whole of the Peninsula and the Historic Centre of Macau can be seen.
The Guia Chapel was originally established by nuns who resided at the site before establishing the Convent of St. Clare. Frescoes were uncovered inside the Chapel during routine conservation work, depicting representations of both Western and Chinese themes and motifs of religious and mythological inspiration that are a perfect example of Macau's multicultural society. Guia Fortress, along with the chapel and lighthouse are symbols of Macau's maritime, military and missionary past.
Visitors can reach Guia Hill by taxi or by a short cable car ride from the entrance of Flora Garden, on top of which stands not only the Guia Fortress but four underground tunnels that served as air raid shelters and extend in all directions. Opened to the public in 2005, the longest tunnel measures 456 metres while the shortest is 47 metres.
Guia Lighthouse opens to public on designated days only.
Telephone enquiries: (853) 2859 5481
Our Lady of Guia Chapel Opening Hours: 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. daily
Telephone enquiries: (853) 8399 6699
